RESIDUAL RISK THROUGH LANDMARK STUDIES

• 28 July 2017
  EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial: Empagliflozin and cerebrovascular events
• 22 June 2017
  Proof of concept: ANGPTL3 deficiency protects against coronary artery disease
• 24 April 2017
  ACCORDION: Does fenofibrate have a legacy effect in lipid-related residual cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes?
• 28 February 2017
  STRONG HEART study: relationship between atherogenic dyslipidaemia and risk of cardiovascular disease depends on diabetes status.
• 13 December 2016
  GLAGOV: benefit with intensive LDL-lowering, but residual risk persists
• 14 October 2016
  Icosapent ethyl (eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester) reduces remnant cholesterol: Results from the MARINE and ANCHOR studies
• 18 September 2016
  TINSAL-CVD does not rule out a role for inflammation as a contributor to residual cardiovascular risk
• 19 July 2016
  Analysis questions benefit of lowering LDL-C below current targets
• 13 June 2016
  Remnant cholesterol levels are predictive of coronary heart disease in primary prevention patients
• 15 May 2016
  BIP analysis reaffirms the link between elevated triglycerides and increased mortality
• 15 April 2016
  VOYAGER highlights need for additional therapy targeting elevated triglycerides in statin-treated patients
• 15 March 2016
  ACCORDION: increased risk of cardiovascular death seen in ACCORD persists during long-term follow-up
• 12 February 2016
  Atherogenic dyslipidaemia is more common in statin-treated than untreated patients in primary care
• 11 January 2016
  Atherogenic dyslipidaemia: underdiagnosed and undertreated
• 8 December 2015
  SPRINT: Benefits of intensive blood pressure control
• 6 November 2015
  Landmark positive results in EMPA-REG OUTCOME study with empagliflozin, an inhibitor of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2
• 8 July 2015
  Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins: an important contributor to residual cardiovascular risk in acute coronary syndrome
• 18 May 2015
  Meta-regression analysis nails HDL-C
• 13 April 2015
  Elevated nonfasting remnant cholesterol associated with increased mortality
• 9 March 2015
  Atherogenic dyslipidaemia is associated with higher residual cardiovascular risk in patients with previous stroke
• 8 February 2015
  Residual cardiovascular risk similar in men and women
• 5 January 2015
  IMPROVE-IT finally reports: Lower LDL is better but residual cardiovascular risk remains
• 1 December 2014
  New FIELD analysis: Fenofibrate has similar cardioprotective effects in women and men
• 13 June 2014
  More questions about HDL: CHI-SQUARE trial with HDL-mimetic fails
• 13 May 2014
  Importance of targeting obesity to reduce residual cardiovascular risk
• 13 May 2014
  Elevated remnant cholesterol is causally associated with inflammation
• 13 March 2014
  Mendelian randomization study supports a causal effect of triglycerides in coronary heart disease risk
• 13 January 2014
  AIM-HIGH: potential benefit with niacin in patients with atherogenic dyslipidaemia
• 5 December 2013
  UMPIRE: Fixed-dose combination in patients at high cardiovascular risk
• 5 November 2013
  CIRT: Does targeting inflammation reduce residual cardiovascular risk?
• 8 October 2013
  ESC 2013 Hotline: ASSURE fails to reassure about HDL
• 3 July 2013
  Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, reduces postprandial lipaemia
• 1 June 2013
  N-3 fatty acids in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease
• 4 March 2013
  ODYSSEY OUTCOMES
• 6 February 2013
  PCSK9 monoclonal antibonody therapy as an adjunct to statins
• 9 January 2013
  Insights from ANCHOR: omega-3 fatty acids in type 2 diabetes patients with residual hypertriglyceridaemia
• 5 January 2013
  Atherogenic dyslipidemia and arterial stiffness in young subjects
• 4 January 2013
  Will HPS3/TIMI55 REVEAL benefit?
• 11 December 2012
  REDUCE-IT: Reduction of Cardiovascular Events Outcome trial
  Does targeting hypertriglyceridemia with add-on AMR101, a formulation of omega-3 fatty acids (=96% eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA]), reduce the residual risk of cardiovascular events in statin-treated patients?
• 15 November 2012
  New insights from ACCORD Lipid
• 1 October 2012
  PROVE IT-TIMI 22: In patients treated with statins, on-treatment TG <150 mg/dL is independently associated with a lower risk of recurrent CHD events
• 10 May 2012
  The FIRST study: Does fenofibric acid reduce subclinical atherosclerosis in high-risk, statin-treated patients with atherogenic dyslipidemia?
• 12 January 2012
  Dal-OUTCOMES: raising HDL-C with dalcetrapib does not improve CV risk.
• 25 March 2011
  ApoB/ApoA-I ratio best predictor of first myocardial infarction: INTERHEART
• 11 May 2010
  HDL-C levels are predictive of major CV events in patients treated with statins, even in those whose LDL-C levels < 70 mg/dL
• 3 May 2010
  Huge residual vascular risk in patients with and without diabetes receiving a single-drug lipid-lowering therapy
• 14 March 2010
  The Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Lipid Trial: Targeting atherogenic dyslipidemia with fenofibrate reduces residual cardiovascular risk in simvastatin-treated type 2 diabetes patients at LDL-C goal
• 4 March 2010
  PROCAM: Assessing cardiovascular risk: relevance of atherogenic dyslipidemia recognized by the PROCAM coronary risk score
• 1 December 2009
  RENAAL: Investigating the effects of renin-angiotensin system inhibition using an angiotensin receptor blocker on renal function and mortality in patients with diabetic nephropathy
• 16 September 2009
  63% of major cardiovascular events not prevented by atorvastatin in high-risk diabetic patients with low LDL cholesterol levels
• 1 July 2009
  The Heart Protection Study: statin therapy significantly decreased vascular risk in high-risk diabetic patients but 78% of major vascular events were not prevented
• 1 June 2009
  Residual risk of macrovascular events after intensive therapy with atorvastatin in patients with stable coronary heart disease
• 5 May 2009
  27% increase in risk of major CHD events per 1.0 mmol/L increase in fasting triglycerides concentration: Meta-analysis of 29 prospective studies
• 1 April 2009
  In statin-treated patients, the magnitude of cardiovascular risk reduction depends on the decrease in LDL-C achieved: results of a meta-analysis
• 10 January 2009
  The Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) trial
• 2 October 2008
  Substantial residual risk of fatal and non-fatal events after 5 years of statin therapy in diabetes: meta-analysis of 14 trials

• 22 August 2016
  VADT: Reduced diabetic retinopathy progression on intensive glycaemic therapy with higher HDL cholesterol levels
• 8 October 2015
  Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study reaffirms the importance of lifestyle intervention
• 4 September 2015
  A higher TG/HDL-C ratio increases the incidence and progression of chronic kidney disease
• 8 June 2015
  Hypertriglyceridemia increases risk for diabetic renal complications
• 25 September 2014
  Statins and microvascular risk
• 13 October 2011
  DCCT/EDIC: High triglyceride levels and other features of atherogenic dyslipidemia are associated with renal dysfunction in patients with type 1 diabetes
• 1 March 2011
  The Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Eye Trial
• 1 October 2009
  DCCT/EDIC: Beyond conventional lipid profile: NMR provides another vision of lipid-related risk of diabetic retinopathy
• 11 February 2009
  Residual risk of progression of diabetic nephropathy in patients treated with irbesartan

• 2 August 2014
  UKPDS 38: despite significant benefits, “tight” blood pressure control does not prevent two thirds of major macrovascular and microvascular events in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes
• 8 February 2010
  The Action in Diabetes and Vascular disease: preterAx and diamicroN-MR Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE) trial
• 11 January 2010
  Testing the limits of statin therapy: In the ASPEN study, atorvastatin 10 mg/day did not reduce major cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes (without additional risk factors) ASPEN
• 21 November 2009
  Persistence of vascular residual risk after long-term intensified multifactorial intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria: Steno-2 extension
• 9 March 2009
  UKPDS 33: Despite improved blood glucose control, 75% of microvascular complications and 84% of macrovascular events are not prevented in patients with type 2 diabetes
• 13 September 2008
  Micro- and macrovascular residual risk after 7.8 years of intensified multifactorial intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria: the Steno-2 study